{"id":5249,"date":"2019-10-05T09:23:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-05T02:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amberacademy.vn\/?p=5249"},"modified":"2019-11-02T08:16:56","modified_gmt":"2019-11-02T01:16:56","slug":"andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/en\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Andragogy – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Andragogy l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ebb em khi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tham gia t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Andragogy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
Andragogy d\u1ef1a theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Malcolm Shepherd Knowles \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m 1968. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m cho tr\u1ebb em. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Knowles l\u00e0 <\/span>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em d\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n,… <\/span>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span>5 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Knowles<\/b><\/h3>\n
Knowles \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 5 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/div>\n

1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (Self-concept)<\/b><\/h4>\n
Self-concept (kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, self-concept th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai?” M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi trong giao ti\u1ebfp, ho\u1eb7c m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t trong k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd,… Self-concept c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em, v\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em \u1edf nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/div>\n

2. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/b><\/h4>\n
Tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Tr\u1ebb em s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho h\u1ecd. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, <\/span>gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/div>\n

3. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Tr\u1ebb em \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 . Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t kho\u00e1 h\u1ecd<\/span>c\/ <\/span>ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh <\/span>\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o <\/span>cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng <\/span>ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra case study th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/div>\n

4. S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/b><\/h4>\n
Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean v\u1eady n\u00ean t\u00ednh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111em l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, lo s\u1ee3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb em, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd \u1edf l\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

5. Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi \u201ch\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2y g\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u1ee7 c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t\u201d. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00edch h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u1ebb em s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hay nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c hay ghi nh\u1edb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. H\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh khi h\u1ecdc. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng hay nh\u1eadp vai theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cao h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/div>\n

4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Andrology<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span>D\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, Knowles \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/div>\n
1. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, h\u1ecd n\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ctham gia\u201d v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/div>\n
2. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n\u00a0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. <\/span><\/div>\n
3. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn lu\u00f4n mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng hay kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/div>\n
4. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hay \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1edb n\u1ed9i dung.<\/div>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Knowles nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u01b0a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb em. \u00d4ng <\/span>nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh <\/span>vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/div>\n
S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Andragogy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Knowles c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/div>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/div>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Andragogy \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i Socrates, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc do h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

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Andragogy l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":5250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAndragogy - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? - Amber Online Education<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/en\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Andragogy - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? - Amber Online Education\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Andragogy l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/en\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Amber Online Education\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-05T02:23:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-11-02T01:16:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2-10-fix-01.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amber Marketing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amber Marketing\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amber Marketing\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/#\/schema\/person\/bc62cd935c327d0ed76d55680dadecbd\"},\"headline\":\"Andragogy – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-05T02:23:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-11-02T01:16:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/\"},\"wordCount\":2636,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Kh\u00e1c\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amber.edu.vn\/andragogy-nguoi-lon-hoc-nhu-the-nao\/\",\"name\":\"Andragogy - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? 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